Source development
In the northern plains, groundwater wells are most reliable. Budget $5,000–$25,000 for well drilling depending on depth. Test water quality annually: bacteria, nitrates, and in some regions arsenic and fluoride.
Pump systems
A submersible electric pump in the well delivers water to a pressure tank. For a collective of 55 people with significant livestock, 100–200 gallon pressure tank capacity. A backup hand pump is a genuine emergency preparedness measure.
Water storage and distribution
Above-ground storage tanks (1,000–5,000 gallons) provide buffer against pump failures and peak demand. Gravity-fed distribution from elevated tanks eliminates pump electricity for distribution.
Irrigation systems
Drip irrigation is dramatically more water-efficient than overhead sprinklers. Use timer-controlled solenoid valves to automate irrigation. Design irrigation zones that match plant water needs.
Winterization
In a northern climate, winterization is the most critical water system skill. Every outdoor pipe, hose bib, and exposed line must be drained or heat-traced before temperatures drop. Insulate the pump house.
Greywater and waste
A properly designed septic system is the non-negotiable baseline. For 55 people, a commercial-scale septic system is required. Greywater can be recycled for irrigation after filtering through a constructed wetland.